Unqualified as a diplomat, he was unsuccessful in persuading Argentina and Chile to enter the war on the Allied side. [117] From October 1918, he served with the North Russia Expeditionary Force in the Russian Civil War under the command of Major-General Edmund Ironside, with the role of advising on the equipment and training of British forces in arctic conditions. [15], The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 - 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family moved to Sydenham in suburban south London . Dying heavily in debt, Shackleton's small estate consisted of personal effects to the value of 556 2s. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family[1] moved to Sydenham in suburban south London when he was ten. The Shackleton family are of English origin, specifically from Yorkshire. Bruce, who had failed to acquire financial backing, was happy that Shackleton should adopt his plans,[75] which were similar to those being followed by the German explorer Wilhelm Filchner. Now it has been found.It was nearly 10,000 feet under the Weddell Sea. [8] However, Shackleton took lifelong pride in his Irish roots, and frequently declared, "I am an Irishman". [40] On 9 April 1904, he married Emily Dorman, with whom he had three children: Raymond, Cecily, and Edward, himself an explorer and later a politician.[41]. [38] With Sir Clements Markham's blessing, he accepted a temporary post assisting the outfitting of the Terra Nova for the second Discovery relief operation, but turned down the offer to sail with her as chief officer. 2010-02-16 16:39:59. A few moments later, at 2:50a.m. on 5 January 1922, Shackleton suffered a fatal heart attack. (Ernest Shackleton) (Perce Blackborow) Suggested answers: Shackleton:"Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified." From the sentence we can infer that Shackleton was a responsible leader.Obviously he really needed people to work for him,but the expedition was very . But when ice trapped his ship Endurance, his mission instantly changed from exploration to pure survival. Shackleton chose five companions for the journey: Frank Worsley, Endurance's captain, who would be responsible for navigation; Tom Crean, who had "begged to go"; two strong sailors in John Vincent and Timothy McCarthy, and finally the carpenter McNish. Victoria Land plateau was claimed for the British crown, and the expedition was responsible for the first ascent of Mount Erebus. Why did Ernest Shackleton want to go to Antarctica? [96], After five harrowing days at sea, the exhausted men landed their three lifeboats at Elephant Island, 346 miles (557km) from where the Endurance sank. Abraham Shackleton, an English Quaker, moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school at Ballitore, County Kildare. The Shackletons came originally from Yorkshire. He felt certain that others would soon succeed in reaching the South Pole where he had failed having come so close, and so looked to the next goal. Shackleton immediately sent a boat to pick up the three men from the other side of South Georgia while he set to work to organise the rescue of the Elephant Island men. Edgeworth David, and Douglas Mawson. Getty Images Ernest Shackleton's ship, Endurance, trapped in ice. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. [11] The aim was the conquest of both the geographical South Pole and the South Magnetic Pole. [29] A record Farthest South latitude of 8217' was reached, beating the previous record established in 1900 by Carsten Borchgrevink. Scott wrote: "He ought not to risk further hardship in his present state of health. [146] In 2001 Margaret Morrell and Stephanie Capparell presented Shackleton as a model for corporate leadership in their book Shackleton's Way: Leadership Lessons from the Great Antarctic Explorer. Of later independent fame was the photographer Frank Hurley, known on this mission for his perilous shots. and I said 'Yes darling, as far as I am concerned'". In 1912 Sir Ernest Shackleton began plans to organise the Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition to achieve this challenge. The sledging party returned to the base camp in late February 1909, but they discovered that the Nimrod had set sail some two days earlier. [147] Other management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos. The expedition's other main accomplishments included the first ascent of Mount Erebus, and the discovery of the approximate location of the South Magnetic Pole, reached on 16 January 1909, by Edgeworth David, Douglas Mawson and Alistair Mackay. At 47 years old, Shackleton was on his fourth journey to Antarctica, and the third he had led. [48], On 1 January 1908, the Nimrod set off on the British Antarctic Expedition from Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand. [162] This expedition was made into a documentary film,[163] screening as Chasing Shackleton on PBS in the US, and Shackleton: Death or Glory elsewhere on the Discovery Channel. This group, despite many hardships, had carried out its depot-laying mission to the full, but three lives had been lost, including that of its commander, Aeneas Mackintosh.[111]. Edgeworth David, reached the area of the south magnetic pole. [70] Among the ventures which he hoped to promote were a tobacco company,[71] a scheme for selling to collectors postage stamps overprinted "King Edward VII Land" based on Shackleton's appointment as Antarctic postmaster by the New Zealand authorities[72] and the development of a Hungarian mining concession he had acquired near the city of Nagybanya, now part of Romania. The ship, after a drift of many months, had returned to New Zealand. Unlike the Arctic ice, which is frozen over the Arctic ocean, Antarctica is also a. [130] Leonard Hussey, a veteran of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition, offered to accompany the body back to Britain; while he was in Montevideo en route to England, a message was received from Emily Shackleton asking that her husband be buried in South Georgia. His father, Henry Shackleton, tried to enter the British Army, but his poor health prevented him from doing so. [11], Shackleton's restlessness at school was such that he was allowed to leave at 16 and go to sea. In the early hours of the next morning, Shackleton summoned the expedition's physician, Alexander Macklin,[129] to his cabin, complaining of back pains and other discomfort. In August 1914 the British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (191416) left England under Shackletons leadership. The three men all suffered at times from snow blindness, frostbite and, ultimately, scurvy. "; and men, provisions and equipment were transferred to camps on the ice. Shackleton's mother, Henrietta Letitia Sophia Gavan, was descended from the Fitzmaurice family. [14] Following the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, Shackleton transferred to the troopship Tintagel Castle where, in March 1900, he met an army lieutenant, Cedric Longstaff, whose father Llewellyn W. Longstaff was the main financial backer of the National Antarctic Expedition then being organised in London. In 2017 Nancy Koehn argued that, in spite of Shackleton's mistakes, financial problems and narcissism, he developed the capability to be successful. Although it is likely that Norwegian whalers had previously crossed at other points on ski, no one had attempted this particular route before. Later in the 20th century, Shackleton was "rediscovered",[4] and became a role model for leadership in extreme circumstances.[5]. Why is Shackleton famous? Photograph by Corbis I. Go on a trip C. Get an assistant 15 1.5 22.5 . "Chiefly alcohol, Boss", replied Macklin. In 1915, polar explorer Ernest Shackleton's ship became trapped in ice, north of Antarctica. He joined Capt. [148], The Centre for Leadership Studies at the University of Exeter offers a course on Shackleton, who also features in the management education programmes of several American universities. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 December 2011 (M.P.C. [40] He was then offered, and accepted, the secretaryship of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society (RSGS), a post which he took up on 11 January 1904. Alternate titles: Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton. Shackleton's fellow-explorers expressed their admiration; Roald Amundsen wrote, in a letter to RGS Secretary John Scott Keltie, that "the English nation has by this deed of Shackleton's won a victory that can never be surpassed". On 9 April, their ice floe broke into two, and Shackleton ordered the crew into the lifeboats and to head for the nearest land. Four months later, after leading four separate relief expeditions, Shackleton succeeded in rescuing his crew from Elephant Island. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [56] Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race against starvation, on half-rations for much of the way. [51] Nimrod arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was stopped by ice 16 miles (26km) north of Discovery's old base at Hut Point. April 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage. [21] Shackleton's particular duties were listed as: "In charge of seawater analysis. Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton's century-old whisky has been retrieved. [12], During the following four years at sea, Shackleton learned his trade, visiting the far corners of the earth and forming acquaintances with a variety of people from many walks of life, learning to be at home with all kinds of men. Ernest Shackleton was a well-known Irish and British explorer during the first two decades of the twentieth century. [90], Until this point, Shackleton had hoped that the ship, when released from the ice, could work her way back towards Vahsel Bay. Scottish jute magnate Sir James Caird gave 24,000, Midlands industrialist Frank Dudley Docker gave 10,000, and tobacco heiress Janet Stancomb-Wills gave an undisclosed but reportedly "generous" sum. Alexander Macklin was one of two surgeons and also in charge of keeping the 70dogs healthy. [149] Shackleton has also been cited as a model leader by the US Navy, and in a textbook on Congressional leadership, Peter L Steinke calls Shackleton the archetype of the "nonanxious leader" whose "calm, reflective demeanor becomes the antibiotic warning of the toxicity of reactive behaviour". Ballitore, County Kildare for the British Imperial Trans-Antarctic expedition ( 191416 ) left England under Shackletons leadership but poor! 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