But research shows that imprisonment only prevents crime for a short time, while offenders are behind bars but rarely after they leave prison. /F1 23 0 R Prepare a worksheet for the preparation of a statement of cash flows for Nojiri Pharmaceutical Industries for each of the years ending March 31, Year 2 to Year 4. /CS /DeviceRGB /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /StructTreeRoot << /Diagram /Figure 1693 0 obj
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<< >> /Artifact /Sect /Font << Punishment that is based on "getting even" for violating the social contract is known as: Which position on punishment is most closely linked to retribution? 34 0 obj >> /Kids [5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R /Subject (Corrections Today 2nd Edition Siege Test BankInstant Download) endobj >> The temporary conditional release of an accused person awaiting trial is referred to : Under intensive probation, a probationer is supervised far more strictly than under standard services. Liver failure caused by hepatitis C is now leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. Some states allow children to be prosecuted as adults at 10, 12, or 13 years old. The presentence investigation serves as the basis for sentencing and has a significant influence on whether the convicted defendant will be granted community release or sentenced to secure confinement. PREP is a long term supervised release program concentrating on the unique needs of formerly incarcerated people who entered prison as children. /K [22 0 R] No sales of property, plant, and equipment took place during the three-year period. Wide public support for "just desert" sentencing caused interest in community sanctions geared toward: The nation's first crime victim compensation program began in 1965 in which U.S. state? /Parent 2 0 R But until recently, these legal protections didnt apply to children accused of committing violent crimes. Complications include permanent blindness, dry-eye syndrome, lung damage, photophobia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, permanent loss of nail beds, scarring of mucous membranes, arthritis, and chronic fatigue syndrome. 742 0 R 743 0 R] 16 Page(s). /Type /Font << 216 0 R 217 0 R 218 0 R 219 0 R 220 0 R 221 0 R 222 0 R 223 0 R 224 0 R 225 0 R An intensive form of short-term community supervision that also requires attendance is the, The practice that permits convicted offenders to remain free if they agreed to take care of their debt. /Pages 2 0 R endobj /GS17 35 0 R % Some 4,500 children are housed in adult jails and prisons on any given day in America. Deferred prosecution programs have focused on persons suffering from alcohol, drug, or mental health problems who can ask permission of the court to go through an intensive treatment program in lieu of being prosecuted. endstream Before sentencing takes place in felony cases, it is common for the prosecutor to personally conduct a presentence investigation. 676 0 R 677 0 R 678 0 R 679 0 R 680 0 R 681 0 R 682 0 R 683 0 R 684 0 R 685 0 R Participants in healing or sentencing circles typically speak out while passing around a "talking piece" (such as a feather or stone). Deferred prosecution programs appear to be a good option for most first offenders because they avoid the stigma of a criminal record and reduce the volume of persons going through the criminal justice process. But researchers dispute and have largely disproven the proposition that incarceration reduces violence over the long run. What policy promotes sentencing repeat offenders to long prison terms while granting first-time and nonviolent offenders shorter, more lenient sentences? Sentencing is the formal beginning of which process? 253 0 R 254 0 R 255 0 R 256 0 R 257 0 R 258 0 R 259 0 R 260 0 R 261 0 R 262 0 R When policymakers consider the costs of incarceration, they should take into account well-documented negative effects on prisoners and their families and communities. << stream
/ExtGState << They often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly. d. deterrence. /Resources << 5 0 obj /StructParents 10 725 0 R 726 0 R 727 0 R 728 0 R 729 0 R 730 0 R 731 0 R 732 0 R 733 0 R 734 0 R HW]o|_wv=" ,2`M*2DQ&)8XA? /Contents 43 0 R 1 0 obj /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /GS17 35 0 R It focuses more on treatment and offering services to penal agents. >> Evaluate the way SeaBreeze classified each of the five items on its income statement. /MarkInfo << Retribution is perhaps the most intuitive and the most questionable aim of punishment in the criminal law. /Name /F1 ?>yv|bN]jo]Wo^wWWCw
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In the mid 19th century, probation began with the volunteer services of John Howard in Massachusetts. The equity goal of punishment means that convicted offenders must do which of the following? This research demonstrates that imprisonment has no preventative effect in the long-term. 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R] Disparities in sentencing often occur due to: Social status, race, gender (all of these), The _________________ of 1994 requires a mandatory life sentence for any offender convicted of three felony offenses. 522 0 R 523 0 R 524 0 R 525 0 R 526 0 R 527 0 R 528 0 R 529 0 R 530 0 R 531 0 R /CS /DeviceRGB /Contents 40 0 R Thousands of young people have been assaulted, raped, and traumatized as a result.6 National Prison Rape Elimination Commission, National Prison Rape Elimination Commission Report (2009). 457 0 R 458 0 R] D)having charges dropped. >> Harsh environments for inmates can exacerbate their mental health problems, engender cynicism and distrust, and make them more distrustful of law and the legal system after as well as during their time behind bars. endobj Chapter 1: The Correctional System. We advocate for clients in parole hearings, provide re-entry services designed for people incarcerated as children, and educate policymakers, decision makers, and the public about the treatment of children in the justice system. Assume that the sales occurred at no gain or loss. Truth-in-sentencing laws require inmates to serve what percentage of their sentence. /GS16 34 0 R The Court did not ban all juvenile life-without-parole sentences, but held that requiring sentencers to consider childrens diminished culpability, and heightened capacity for change should make such sentences uncommon., to older cases. 25 0 obj 263 0 R 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R 268 0 R 269 0 R 270 0 R 271 0 R 272 0 R /StructParents 1 We went back to the Supreme Court after Graham to argue that sentencing kids to die in prison is unconstitutional regardless of the offense. /CS /DeviceRGB The philosophy of general deterrence focuses on the fact that individual offenders should learn firsthand that crime does not pay when they experience harsh criminal penalties caused by their illicit actions. /F2 24 0 R /StructParents 3 struck down mandatory life-without-parole sentences for all children 17 or younger. >> c. serving short sentences. /F6 48 0 R The Irish Mark System, developed by Lawrence Driscoll in 1794, established probation and parole requirements for Irish-born offenders in what were then English-ruled colonies. 0t-_vi_z,Sf:]q@8]P >l3IUvqa4
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K1>vX4yzP8IQl"mDP9lTb" 0 0 0 333 0 278 0 500 500 0 /Tabs /S Short-term incarceration followed by a period of probation is called: Which of the following statements about boot camps is most accurate? Questions and Answers for [Solved] Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: A) paying for their crimes. x5 /Lang (en-US) >> New calculations show that to prevent a single individual from committing a future violent crime over a five year stretch, society must imprison more than sixteen convicted violent offenders. /F1 23 0 R !z+'aZS
vDq+|E"rs`9r;C"p TVxhY,Z\_A@h5"J%x8KP-eI$caRr/&$ In an adult jail or prison, this behavior results in more aggressive punishmentwhich can worsen a childs mental health problems.4 Campaign for Youth Justice, Jailing Juveniles: The Dangers of Incarcerating Youth in Adult Jails in America (Nov. 2007). endobj On January 25, 2016, the Supreme Court held in Montgomery v. Louisiana that Miller applies retroactively and requires new sentencing hearings for everyone serving a mandatory life-without-parole sentence for an offense when they were under 18. The most popular model of restorative justice is: Electronic monitoring includes which of the following? 708 0 R 709 0 R 710 0 R 711 0 R 765 0 R 766 0 R 716 0 R 717 0 R 718 0 R 719 0 R They are if understood as justice reinvestments of savings from excessive imprisonments. Recidivism rates are low among those placed on probation for a misdemeanor. Juvenile Residential Facility Census, 2016: Selected Findings. >> EJI launched a litigation campaign in 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences imposed on children. >> /Type /Group Were working to change that. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Sept. 2011). EJI launched a litigation campaign in 2006 to challenge death-in-prison sentences imposed on children. 226 0 R 227 0 R 228 0 R 229 0 R 230 0 R 231 0 R 232 0 R 233 0 R 234 0 R 235 0 R << endobj << _____________________ generally involves suspension of the offender's sentence in return for the promise of good behavior in the community while under supervision of the courts. Who developed the Irish mark system, where inmates could eventually earn early release? Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer Three days after the Boston Marathon explosion, the FBI released this photograph that had been taken, This girl ran four spinning machines in a cotton mill in Whitnel, North Carolina. /Font << Unlike adults with mental illness, children have very limited experience managing their disabilities, anxieties, fear, and trauma. >> Explore our library and get Criminal Justice Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Which of the following is NOT a primary feature of probation? 207 0 R 208 0 R 209 0 R 210 0 R 211 0 R 212 0 R 213 0 R 214 0 R 215 0 R 216 0 R /Parent 2 0 R /Author (Siege) << << 4 [288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R 294 0 R 295 0 R 296 0 R 297 0 R SeaBreeze Inc. applies IFRS and reports in millions of dollar ().).). B) learning lessons. It was helpful to bounce ideas around and dissect the texts together. /CS /DeviceRGB << /}+5#l'i=z?1XWktPVu]OyIYqWSHd|q8k+vFP7;M@ The RICO Act initiated the use of __________ as a sanction. /CS /DeviceRGB >> /Tabs /S /Contents 41 0 R Dealing with the punitively oriented alternative. Federal and state sentencing guidelines were created to limit prosecutorial discretion so that people committing similar crimes received similar terms of incarceration. Which state led the way in repealing the British laws that the colonists had enacted concerning crime and punishment? Split sentencing is a standard feature in many states with intensive supervision programs. /Type /Page In reference to a type of bail known as percentage bail, the defendant deposits a portion of the bail amount, usually 10 %, with the court clerk. >> The ____________________ is the idea that criminality is a sickness that can be cured through psychological intervention. /F5 27 0 R EJI is working to protect children from abusive treatment in the adult criminal justice system. >> Which of the following were prisons established by the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages for those believed to be engaging in acts that violated religious principles? /F1 23 0 R /Type /ExtGState /Font << A rare disease, Candida meningitis, may follow leukemia, kidney transplant, other immunosuppressed factors, or when suffering from Candida septicemia. >> Their diminished understanding of rights, confusion about trial processes, limited language skills, and inadequate decision-making abilities puts them at great risk in the adult criminal justice system. /Macrosheet /Part C) serving short sentences. +l1~V)/~z.]HN EM (electronic monitoring) signals are transmitted via: A deduction of time awarded to inmates for good behavior is commonly referred to as: Which of the following statements about boot camps is most accurate? 428 0 R 429 0 R 430 0 R 431 0 R 432 0 R 433 0 R 434 0 R 435 0 R 436 0 R 437 0 R stream
A Natural Experiment Study of the Effects of Imprisonment on Violence in The Community, Centering Health in Designing NYCs New Borough Jails, Opioid Settlement Funds Must Be Used To Tackle Maines Addiction Crisis, A Better Way Forward for the Women at Mass. 176 0 R 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 180 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 7 [459 0 R 460 0 R 461 0 R 462 0 R 463 0 R 464 0 R 465 0 R 466 0 R 467 0 R 468 0 R << All posted questions are reviewed and answered by dedicated volunteers (students and teachers) from around the globe. 479 0 R 480 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R 481 0 R Which is the goal of punishment that is designed to prevent others from committing similar crimes? j+M>wl^c{;^KB{N According to the text, citizens are most concerned about the high rate of probationers'_. /Font << 498 0 R 499 0 R 500 0 R 501 0 R 502 0 R 503 0 R 504 0 R 505 0 R 506 0 R 507 0 R Instant Download Sample Chapters 1. /S /Transparency As controlled environments, prisons do prevent inmates from engaging in violence in the community while they are incarcerated. endobj About 80% of major fungal systemic infections are due to Candida albicans. HW]o|_wv=" ,2`M*2DQ&)8XA? << /F7 26 0 R Follow the format of the given exhibit (3.14) in the text. >> /Subtype /Type0 In short, prison did not work as intended to deter and reduce violence. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding << /Title (Corrections Today 2nd Edition Siege Test Bank) 9D>o? allowing the defendant to remain in the community prior to trial. >> >> [emailprotected], The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 February 28, 2005. >> Prepare a comparative statement of cash flows for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4. c. Discuss the relations among net income and cash flow from operations and the pattern of cash flows from operating, investing, and financing transactions for Year 2, Year 3, and Year 4. This rejoinder might make sense were it not for the potential negative effects of imprisonment. Children as young as 13 were among those condemned to die in prison. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. 27 0 obj endobj /Group << Courts in states with determinate sentencing typically use probation more frequently than do courts in states with indeterminate sentencing. Who of the following was an early advocate of medical treatment in prisons in the United States? True b. >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 1 [117 0 R 118 0 R 119 0 R 120 0 R 121 0 R 122 0 R 123 0 R 124 0 R 125 0 R 126 0 R /Type /Group 12 [656 0 R 657 0 R 658 0 R 659 0 R 660 0 R 661 0 R 662 0 R 663 0 R 664 0 R 665 0 R \end{array} All 50 states now impose some form of fee on probationers to defray the cost of probation and other community programs. Discuss the validity of each statement. /Chart /Sect Violent Crime Control and Law Endorcement Act. 108 0 R 109 0 R 110 0 R 111 0 R 112 0 R 113 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R] All offenders on house arrest are being monitored electronically. /LastChar 116 b. learning lessons. 382 0 R 383 0 R 756 0 R 757 0 R 392 0 R 393 0 R 394 0 R 395 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R endobj Currently, public outrage dictates that offenders should suffer by: a. paying for their crimes. 9 [545 0 R 546 0 R 547 0 R 548 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 549 0 R 550 0 R Who was the English sheriff who advocated jail reform during the 1700s? Before the Supreme Court banned the death penalty for juveniles in 2005, 366 people were executed for juvenile offenses.1 Victor L. Streib, The Juvenile Death Penalty Today: Death Sentences and Executions for Juvenile Crimes, January 1, 1973 February 28, 2005, Death Penalty Information Center (Oct. 7, 2005). In hundreds of ways ranging from mandatory school attendance to harsher penalties for crimes involving minors, the law recognizes that children are different from adultstheyre more vulnerable, emotional, and impulsive, and they cant get themselves out of unsafe homes or communities, but theyre also more likely to change as they grow up. This can happen for a variety of reasons. << xA ;`& lkW399}o,,~uQ~O.+{2UW\k4-LB:Qn9-IKj/S_W)
102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R 746 0 R 114 0 R 115 0 R 116 0 R 117 0 R 747 0 R endobj Prosecutors have little use for them because of their harshness and because they shift sentencing authority to judges. /Slide /Part Another form, Candida peritonitis, occurs most often in postoperative patients. 3-.5>9>-
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/ExtGState << Prosecutors charge other young kids directly in adult court. The federal sentencing guidelines originated in October 1984 when Congress passed which federal law---a law that, among other things, abolished parole? /BaseFont /Times-Roman a. D) serving short sentences Sentence types and lengths are typically created by a: The court actor who is responsible for bringing the state's case against the accused is: Sentences with a fixed term of years to serve are called: Before sentencing takes place in felony cases, it is common for the court's probation staff to conduct a: The various types of sentences that can be awarded by the courts are called: Which of the following is NOT a reason federal sentencing guidelines have been criticized? Criminal forfeiture can occur only after: What is considered to be one of the most important drives toward professionalism in the American. /Subtype /Type1 EJIs report documents the practice of sentencing 13- and 14-year-old children to die in prison. 11 [619 0 R 620 0 R 621 0 R 622 0 R 623 0 R 624 0 R 625 0 R 626 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 627 0 R 628 0 R 629 0 R 630 0 R 631 0 R 632 0 R 633 0 R 634 0 R endobj Electronic monitoring includes which of the following? ____________________ was finished in 1829 and became a model for prisons in several European countries. /S /Transparency 13 [687 0 R 688 0 R 689 0 R 690 0 R 691 0 R 692 0 R 693 0 R 694 0 R 695 0 R 696 0 R \text{Cost of Sales}&(1,737,427) \\ 19 0 obj endobj 156 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R /Worksheet /Part /Contents 49 0 R /Widths [250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 /BM /Normal /Type /Catalog This rejoinder might make sense were it not for the potential negative effects of imprisonment. National Prison Rape Elimination Commission Report, Easy Access to Juvenile Court Statistics, Delinquency Cases Waived 2008-2017. EJI documents the abusive treatment of children in the adult criminal justice system. << /F3 25 0 R Some children were sentenced for crimes where no one was killed or even injured, and many were convicted even though older teens or adults were primarily responsible for the crime. >> /StructParents 13 Some states allow children to be prosecuted as adults at 10, 12, or 13 years old. /StructParents 6 Are these assumptions correct? /Group << 444 0 R 445 0 R 446 0 R 447 0 R 448 0 R 449 0 R 450 0 R 451 0 R 452 0 R 453 0 R 0 0 0 0 0 556 0 0 556 0 The preventative effect of imprisoning a non-violent felony offender is even smaller (specifically, 40 non-violent offenders must be imprisoned to prevent a single individual from committing a violent felony over five years). /Tabs /S >> Which of the following is not a characteristic of the reformatory model? b. paying for their crimes . 393 0 R 394 0 R 395 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R 398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R 402 0 R These laws are known as: Release after serving the required minimum portion of the sentence is a(n): Which of the following is considered to be an appropriate legal factor for a judge to consider prior to making a final sentencing decision? Download this PSY 2013 study guide to get exam ready in less time! << /Parent 2 0 R 454 0 R 455 0 R 456 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R 457 0 R Research shows that the risk-need-responsivity (RNR) model can cut recidivism of high-risk offenders by as much as ____________________ percent. /S /Transparency Unlike adults with mental illness, children have very limited experience managing their disabilities, anxieties, fear, and trauma. /Type /Group /CS /DeviceRGB In an adult jail or prison, this behavior results in more aggressive punishmentwhich can worsen a childs mental health problems. /FirstChar 32 << /Type /Group >> 548 0 R 549 0 R 550 0 R 551 0 R 552 0 R 553 0 R 554 0 R 555 0 R 556 0 R 557 0 R The sentence requiring a certain number of years of incarceration for particular crimes is a(n): Truth-in-sentencing laws require inmates to serve what percentage of their sentence? hbbd```b``"_H&! 7 0 obj /StructParents 12 Eleven states have no minimum age for trying children as adults: Alaska, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] John Howard was responsible for building the first prison in the United States, the Heritage House, in Philadelphia Pennsylvania in 1794. In some states, juries may also recommend probation if the case meets legally regulated criteria. /Tabs /S /F5 47 0 R 686 0 R] 598 0 R 599 0 R 600 0 R 601 0 R 602 0 R 603 0 R 604 0 R 605 0 R 606 0 R 607 0 R /GS17 35 0 R One major purpose of community corrections acts is to encourage state imprisonment in lieu of local sentencing options. All Rights Reserved. /Subtype /TrueType The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that probationers are entitled to the same constitutional protections as other citizens. 408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R 414 0 R 415 0 R 416 0 R 417 0 R A sentence of 1 to 15 years is an example of a determinate sentence. /Resources << minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) \text{Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses}&(98,524) \\ /FontDescriptor 769 0 R B)learning lessons. /F3 25 0 R Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of community corrections acts (CCA)? /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] 358 0 R 359 0 R 360 0 R 754 0 R 369 0 R 370 0 R 371 0 R 372 0 R 755 0 R 381 0 R A)paying for their crimes.B)learning lessons.C)serving short sentences.D)having charges dropped. 0t-_vi_z,Sf:]q@8]P >l3IUvqa4
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K1>vX4yzP8IQl"mDP9lTb" >> A prison is a county correctional facility that holds people pending trial, awaiting sentence, service a sentence (usually less a year) or awaiting transfer to another facilities after conviction. /CS /DeviceRGB 0 444 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 /Font << Human beings are seen as rational creatures, who, being free to choose their actions, can be held responsible for their behavior. \hline \hline /Tabs /S >> The state believes that in order for an offenders' behavior to change, punishment should: Which goal of punishment promotes sentencing people to prison to restrain them physically, so that during the time they are confined society is protected? endobj The state believes that in order for an offenders' behavior to change, punishment should: a. be degrading c. occur before a trial b. be waived d. teach a lesson ANS: D 6. Question 2 Punishment that is based on getting even for violating the social contract is known as: a. retribution. /Group << But when a young child is accused of a crime, these legal protections vanish, allowing kids under 14 to be prosecuted in adult court and sentenced to adult prison . /Type /Page 0 0 250 333 250 0 500 500 500 500 They often act impulsively, recklessly, and irresponsibly. 8 0 obj >> The United States has approximately 2,000 adult probation agencies with more than half regulated and controlled by the federal government. /Chartsheet /Part /F5 47 0 R Death Penalty Information Center (Oct. 7, 2005). . In short, imprisonment only prevents violent crime while the prisoner is incarcerated.Although this research shows that prison sentences are no more effective than probation at preventing crime, some observers nevertheless stress the value letting convicts know that crime begets serious punishment and point out that communities are safer while violent offenders remain incarcerated. b. SeaBreeze included financial income of$25,800 as part of Revenues, and financial expenses of $12,000 as part of Cost of Sales. 24 0 obj /Group << Only about 40 % of convicted felons go to prison, the rest receive a jail or community sentence. 532 0 R 533 0 R 534 0 R 535 0 R 536 0 R 537 0 R 538 0 R 539 0 R 540 0 R 541 0 R /S /Transparency 418 0 R 419 0 R 420 0 R 421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R 424 0 R 425 0 R 426 0 R 427 0 R 2 0 obj Seventy percent of those 14 or younger who were sentenced to die in prison were children of color. << Homework Clinic is a free homework helpline for anyone who signs-up. /BM /Normal Involving the offender, victim, and victimized communities in levying justice is known as: ___________ sanctions falling between probation and prison are used to spare people incarceration, even in cases involving death. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI] aG<1hv-8rWb>-Ay"rySvj{y)J
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Assignment of probation to the executive branch on a statewide basis allows for uniform standards of policy making. 618 0 R 619 0 R 620 0 R 621 0 R 622 0 R 623 0 R 624 0 R 625 0 R 626 0 R 627 0 R If nnn and rrr are positive integers and 1
