It's kind of like a cold glass sitting on your desk, and there's always a puddle at the bottom. On the outside of the pipe. So we are going to meet a beautiful little plant called a mimosa pudica, which is a perfectly symmetrical plant with leaves on either side of a central stem. Close. ROBERT: Now that's a very, you know, animals do this experiment, but it got Monica thinking. I don't know if you're a bank or if you're an -- so it's not necessarily saying, "Give it to the new guy." He was a -- what was he? ], [ALVIN UBELL: Maria Mata -- Maria Matasar ], [LARRY UBELL: Maria Matasar-Padilla is our Managing Director. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. Of Accurate Building Inspectors. And moved around, but always matched in the same way together. It just kept curling. And while it took us a while to see it, apparently these little threads in the soil. SUZANNE SIMARD: You know, I don't completely understand. SUZANNE SIMARD: So we know that Douglas fir will take -- a dying Douglas fir will send carbon to a neighboring Ponderosa pine. ROBERT: So it's not that it couldn't fold up, it's just that during the dropping, it learned that it didn't need to. ROBERT: And not too far away from this tree, underground, there is a water pipe. Can you -- will you soften your roots so that I can invade your root system?" It was magic for me. Maybe each root is -- is like a little ear for the plant. I found a little water! The show is known for innovative sound design, smashing information int ROBERT: She found that the one stimulus that would be perfect was MONICA GAGLIANO: A little fan. ROBERT: And while it took us a while to see it, apparently these little threads in the soil. These guys are actually doing it." There's -- on the science side, there's a real suspicion of anything that's anthropomorphizing a plant. They learned something. And if you just touch it ROBERT: You can actually watch this cascade ROBERT: Where all the leaves close in, like do do do do do do. ROBERT: I think if I move on to the next experiment from Monica, you're going to find it a little bit harder to object to it. And there was a lot of skepticism at the time. Or maybe it's the fungus under the ground is kind of like a broker and decides who gets what. In a tangling of spaghetti-like, almost a -- and each one of those lines of spaghetti is squeezing a little bit. Every one of them. And it's good it was Sunday. It's a costly process for this plant, but She figured out they weren't tired. ROBERT: Oh, hunting for water. No. And then Monica would Just about, you know, seven or eight inches. JAD: Are you bringing the plant parade again? So we're really -- like this is -- we're really at the very beginning of this. So actually, I think you were very successful with your experiment. ROBERT: Because this peculiar plant has a -- has a surprising little skill. So the plants are now, you know, buckled in, minding their own business. So I don't have a problem. Sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh. JAD: So they just went right for the MP3 fake water, not even the actual water? ROBERT: Five, four, three, two, one, drop! That's what she says. 2016. ROBERT: What happened to you didn't happen to us. JAD: The part where the water pipe was, the pipe was on the outside of the pot? So otherwise they can't photosynthesize. ROBERT: One of the spookiest examples of this Suzanne mentioned, is an experiment that she and her team did where they discovered that if a forest is warming up, which is happening all over the world, temperatures are rising, you have trees in this forest that are hurting. I mean, to say that a plant is choosing a direction, I don't know. ROBERT: You don't know what your dog was? I think there is something like a nervous system in the forest, because it's the same sort of large network of nodes sending signals to one another. ALVIN UBELL: The glass is not broken. It's 10 o'clock and I have to go. It's condensation. And remember, if you're a springtail, don't talk to strange mushrooms. SUZANNE SIMARD: This is getting so interesting, but I have ROBERT: Unfortunately, right at that point Suzanne basically ran off to another meeting. ROBERT: Is your dog objecting to my analysis? They somehow have a dye, and don't ask me how they know this or how they figured it out, but they have a little stain that they can put on the springtails to tell if they're alive or dead. No, Summer is a real person and her last name happens to be spelled R-A-Y-N-E. ROBERT: This story was nurtured and fed and ultimately produced by Annie McEwen. So the -- this branching pot thing. ROBERT: It turns that carbon into sugar, which it uses to make its trunk and its branches, anything thick you see on a tree is just basically air made into stuff. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of Science and Technology in the modern world. The roots of this tree of course can go any way they want to go. Yeah. And I do that in my brain. But maybe it makes her sort of more open-minded than -- than someone who's just looking at a notebook. ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: My name is Jennifer Frazer. And she says this time they relaxed almost immediately. Do you really need a brain to sense the world around you? ROBERT: So light is -- if you shine light on a plant you're, like, feeding it? ROBERT: His name is Roy Halling. And I'm wondering whether Monica is gonna run into, as she tries to make plants more animal-like, whether she's just gonna run into this malice from the scientific -- I'm just wondering, do you share any of that? And she says this time they relaxed almost immediately. Isn't that what you do? So she takes the plants, she puts them into the parachute drop, she drops them. It's the equivalent of a human being jumping over the Eiffel Tower. JAD: It's like every time I close my eyes, you're coming at it from a different direction. Does it threaten my sense of myself or my place as a human that a plant can do this? I mean, I -- it's a kind of Romanticism, I think. ], Test the outer edges of what you think you know. And so they have this trading system with trees. It's okay. Robert Krulwich. ROBERT: After three days of this training regime, it is now time to test the plants with just the fan, no light. Like, two percent or 0.00000001 percent? ROBERT: Let me just back up for a second so that you can -- to set the scene for you. It's like every time I close my eyes, you're coming at it from a different direction. Ring, meat, eat. ], Our staff includes Simon Adler, Brenna Farrow, David Gebel. And then I needed to -- the difficulty I guess, of the experiment was to find something that will be quite irrelevant and really meant nothing to the plant to start with. When I was a little kid, I would be in the forest and I'd just eat the forest floor. Like, how can a plant -- how does a plant do that? It was summertime. So these trees were basically covered with bags that were then filled with radioactive gas. Well, I have one thing just out of curiosity ROBERT: As we were winding up with our home inspectors, Alvin and Larry Ubell, we thought maybe we should run this metaphor idea by them. Visit your local Culver City PetSmart store for essential pet supplies like food, treats and more from top brands. And so I don't have a problem with that. And again. What's its job? They will send out a "Oh, no! AATISH BHATIA: This feels one of those experiments where you just abort it on humanitarian grounds, you know? Whatever. ROBERT: That would be sugar-minerals-sugar-minerals-sugar-minerals-sugar-minerals-sugar-minerals-sugar-minerals-sugar-minerals-sugar-minerals. There's -- on the science side, there's a real suspicion of anything that's anthropomorphizing a plant. Or maybe slower? And to me, here are three more reasons that you can say, "No, really! She actually trained this story in a rather elaborate experimental setup to move away from the light and toward a light breeze against all of its instincts. And the tubes branch and sometimes they reconnect. It's a very biased view that humans have in particular towards others. It was like -- it was like a huge network. ROBERT: Science writer Jen Frazer gave us kind of the standard story. LARRY UBELL: Yes, we are related. ROBERT: So the roots can go either left or to the right. That's what she says. So if a beetle were to invade the forest, the trees tell the next tree over, "Here come the --" like Paul Revere, sort of? That's what she says. This is the plant and pipe mystery. JAD: So she's saying they remembered for almost a month? So just give me some birds. LATIF: Yeah. JENNIFER FRAZER: That something bad is happening. MONICA GAGLIANO: Exactly. Well, some of them can first of all, and big deal. And of course we had to get Jigs out. Like for example, my plants were all in environment-controlled rooms, which is not a minor detail. [laughs]. ], Dylan Keefe is our Director of Sound Design. Maybe just a tenth the width of your eyelash. JAD: Couldn't it just be an entirely different interpretation here? MONICA GAGLIANO: Yeah, tested it in my lab. [laughs]. ROBERT: Science writer Jen Frazer gave us the kind of the standard story. ROBERT: And that's just the beginning. SUZANNE SIMARD: And so my mom always talks about how she had to constantly be giving me worm medicine because I was -- I always had worms. My name is Monica Gagliano. And we dropped it once, and twice. Exactly. ROBERT: Is your dog objecting to my analysis? They may have this intelligence, maybe we're just not smart enough yet to figure it out. We need to take a break first, but when we come back, the parade that I want you to join will come and swoop you up and carry you along in a flow of enthusiasm. So no plants were actually hurt in this experiment. This is like metaphor is letting in the light as opposed to shutting down the blinds. Her use of metaphor. ROBERT: And she says she began to notice things that, you know, one wouldn't really expect. And then those little tubes will wrap themselves into place. And so on. But they do have root hairs. They run out of energy. Remember that the roots of these plants can either go one direction towards the sound of water in a pipe, or the other direction to the sound of silence. And it was almost like, let's see how much I have to stretch it here before you forget. Here's the water.". You need the nutrients that are in the soil. ], And Alvin Ubell. ROBERT: Like, would they figure it out faster this time? ROBERT: But what -- how would a plant hear something? ROBERT: Eventually, she came back after ROBERT: And they still remembered. Like, can a tree stand up straight without minerals? ROBERT: And so we're up there in this -- in this old forest with this guy. JENNIFER FRAZER: From a particular direction. And we can move it up, and we can drop it. ROBERT: Now, you might think that the plant sends out roots in every direction. They can't take up CO2. And remember, if you're a springtail, don't talk to strange mushrooms. I mean, I -- it's a kind of Romanticism, I think. If she's going to do this experiment, most likely she's going to use cold water. ROBERT: And she goes into that darkened room with all the pea plants. And so on. Take it. They sort of put them all together in a dish, and then they walked away. We need to take a break first, but when we come back, the parade that I want you to join will come and swoop you up and carry you along in a flow of enthusiasm. Well of course, there could be a whole -- any number of reasons why, you know, one tree's affected by another. It's not leaking. Hi. ROBERT: So that voice belongs to Aatish Bhatia, who is with Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. ROBERT: So there is some water outside of the pipe. LARRY UBELL: No, I don't because she may come up against it, people who think that intelligence is unique to humans. Yeah, I know. You do. I mean, it's just -- it's reacting to things and there's a series of mechanical behaviors inside the plant that are just bending it in the direction. ROBERT: No, I -- we kept switching rooms because we weren't sure whether you want it to be in the high light or weak light or some light or no light. View SmartyPlantsRadioLab Transcript (2).docx from CHEM 001A at Pasadena City College. It's soaks in sunshine, and it takes CO2, carbon dioxide, and it's splits it in half. It's a -- it's a three-pronged answer. Our store also offers Grooming, Training, Adoptions, Veterinary and Curbside Pickup. Oh, one more thing. JENNIFER FRAZER: Anyone who's ever had a plant in a window knows that. So it wasn't touching the dirt at all. Yeah. And the salivation equivalent was the tilt of the plant? ROBERT: So you can -- you can see this is like a game of telephone. They run out of energy. ROBERT: That is correct. So they didn't. Why is this network even there? Yeah. I'm gonna just go there. Does it threaten your sense of humanity that you depend for pretty much every single calorie you eat on a plant? Sugar. And again. So the -- this branching pot thing. We dropped. ROBERT: And for the meat substitute, she gave each plant little bit of food. JENNIFER FRAZER: Oh, yeah. I don't know. There's this whole other world right beneath my feet. It's time -- time for us to go and lie down on the soft forest floor. Yeah, I know. The idea was to drop them again just to see, like, the difference between the first time you learn something and the next time. They definitely don't have a brain. The bell, the meat and the salivation. Today, Robert drags Jad along ona parade for the surprising feats of brainless plants. That is correct. Whatever. Smarty Plants Radiolab | Last.fm Read about Smarty Plants by Radiolab and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. That's amazing and fantastic. She says a timber company would move in and clear cut an entire patch of forest, and then plant some new trees. MONICA GAGLIANO: Landing very comfortably onto a padded base made of foam. Picasso! LARRY UBELL: It's kind of like a cold glass sitting on your desk and there's always a puddle at the bottom. And Roy by the way, comes out with this strange -- it's like a rake. ROBERT: Peering down at the plants under the red glow of her headlamp. They're called feeder roots. So that voice belongs to Aatish Bhatia, who is with Princeton University's Council on Science and Technology. So what they're saying is even if she's totally sealed the pipe so there's no leak at all, the difference in temperature will create some condensation on the outside. Did Jigs emerge? LARRY UBELL: Or it's just the vibration of the pipe that's making it go toward it. ROBERT: So that's what the tree gives the fungus. Isn't -- doesn't -- don't professors begin to start falling out of chairs when that word gets used regarding plants? That something bad is happening. ROBERT: This final thought. The fungi, you know, after it's rained and snowed and the carcass has seeped down into the soil a bit, the fungi then go and they drink the salmon carcass down and then send it off to the tree. ], [JENNIFER FRAZER: Our staff includes Simon Adler, Becca Bressler, Rachael Cusick ], [ALVIN UBELL: David -- David Gebel. They stopped folding up. This happens to a lot of people. They can't photosynthesize. [laughs] When I write a blog post, my posts that get the least traffic guaranteed are the plant posts. ROBERT: So you are related and you're both in the plumbing business? They somehow have a dye, and don't ask me how they know this or how they figured it out, but they have a little stain that they can put on the springtails to tell if they're alive or dead. And every day that goes by, I have less of an issue from the day before. So we're really -- like this is -- we're really at the very beginning of this. But it was originally done with -- with a dog. But we are in the home inspection business. I'm not gonna tell you. ROBERT: And that's where the fungus comes in. And if you go to too many rock concerts, you can break these hairs and that leads to permanent hearing loss, which is bad. From Tree to Shining Tree. Every time. Which has, you know, for dogs has nothing to do with meat. Again. They just don't like to hear words like "mind" or "hear" or "see" or "taste" for a plant, because it's too animal and too human. ROBERT: But what -- how would a plant hear something? And then all of a sudden, she says she looks down into the ground and she notices all around them where the soil has been cleared away there are roots upon roots upon roots in this thick, crazy tangle. Well, when I was a kid, my family spent every summer in the forest. There's not a leak in the glass. JAD: Wait. On the outside of the pipe. ROBERT: So you just did what Pavlov did to a plant. And she says this time they relaxed almost immediately. JAD: So they just went right for the MP3 fake water, not even the actual water? So you -- if you would take away the fish, the trees would be, like, blitzed. I don't know if that was the case for your plants. JAD: The plants have to keep pulling their leaves up and they just get tired. ROBERT: And some of them, this is Lincoln Taiz LINCOLN TAIZ: I'm a professor emeritus of plant biology at UC Santa Cruz. This is Ashley Harding from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. Oh, hunting for water. ROBERT: That's a -- learning is something I didn't think plants could do. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. The fungus were literally sucking the nitrogen out of the springtails, and it was too late to get away. Reviews. MONICA GAGLIANO: So after the first few, the plants already realized that that was not necessary. ]. Every one of them. That is actually a clue in what turns out to be a deep, deep mystery. They may have this intelligence, maybe we're just not smart enough yet to figure it out. ROBERT: But the drop was just shocking and sudden enough for the little plant to ROBERT: Do its reflex defense thing. 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